Fig. 3

Structural Equation Models showing the direct and indirect effects of MAP, glacial-interglacial anomaly in MAT (Anomaly MAT), glacial-interglacial anomaly in MAP (Anomaly MAP), altitudinal range (ALT Range), and plant species richness (Plant SR) on endemic bird richness and endemic bird ratio. MAP mean annual precipitation, MAT mean annual temperature. Standardized coefficients were listed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01