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Table 1 Migration parameters of the Whimbrels from Moreton Bay (MB) and Roebuck Bay (RB) in Australia during their northward and southward migration in 2018

From: Seasonal and population differences in migration of Whimbrels in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway

Migration characteristics

Northward migration

Southward migration

MB (n = 3)

RB (n = 7)

Total (n = 10)

MB (n = 3)

RB (n = 5)

Total (n = 8)

Distance of the first leg flight (km)

7121 (412)

4791 (222)

5490 (1156)

1292 (135)

2182 (1917)

1915 (1624)

Percentage of the first leg flight distance (%)

55 (6)

44 (6)

48 (8)

10 (1)

11 (10)

11 (8)

Duration of first leg flight (days)

6.1 (0.9)

4.6 (0.8)

5.1 (1.1)

1.1 (1.5)

2.3 (1.2)

1.9 (1.3)

Stopover duration in Yellow Sea (days)

14.4 (14.3)

11.6 (9.4)

12.4 (10.3)

11.2 (19.3)

26.1 (23.9)

20.5 (22.2)

Stopover duration in Yellow Sea (%)

50.4 (50.0)

48.3 (38.6)

48.9 (39.4)

17.8 (30.8)

38.2 (38.7)

30.5 (35.2)

Stopover duration in China’s coast (days)

5.0 (8.7)

18.3 (4.9)

14.3 (8.6)

0 (0)

28.8 (18.0)

18.0 (20.2)

Stopover duration in China’s coast (%)

17.0 (29.4)

77.6 (22.2)

59.4 (37.1)

0 (0)

48.2 (34.4)

30.1 (36.1)

Date of start migration

18-Apr (1.4)

19-Apr (0.9)

19-Apr (1.1)

29-Jul (2.5)

27-Jul (8.1)

28-Jul (6.9)

Date of finish migration

3-Jun (6.5)

28-May (11.3)

30-May (10.0)

22-Oct (8.4)

25-Oct (36.3)

24-Oct (27.8)

Migration distance (km)

12,991 (716)

11,018 (1769)

11,609 (1763)

12,565 (140)

11,418 (969)

11,848 (945)

Migration duration (days)

45 (6)

39 (11)

41 (10.10)

84 (7)

94 (35)

90 (27.4)

Migration speed (km/day)

291 (27)

289 (366)

290 (32.2)

149 (11)

134 (43)

140 (33.9)

Overall stopover duration (days)

29.3 (1.1)

24.2 (4.5)

25.7 (4.5)

66.5 (7.1)

66.4 (31.9)

66.4 (26.2)

Detour index of migration route

0.79 (0.05)

0.89 (0.11)

0.86 (0.11)

0.81 (0.02)

0.86 (0.05)

0.84 (0.04)

  1. Values are means (SD)