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Table 2 Behavioural comparison of Saxaul Sparrow parents in the hatching period

From: Male parent birds exert more effort to reproduce in two desert passerines

Parents’ behaviours

Female

Male

95% CI

P

Nest inspecting

0.08  ±  0.083

0.38  ±  0.157

− 0.675 to 0.092

0.129

Nest tidying

0.17  ±  0.098

0.38  ±  0.157

− 0.621 to 0.204

0.307

Incubating frequency

8.33  ±  0.882

7.50  ±  0.514

− 1.340 to 3.007

0.436

Incubating time (s)

3384.54  ±  318.797

4452.00  ±  1604.916

− 3942.852 to 2807.936

0.731

Adding material

2.83  ±  0.374

2.75  ±  0.581

− 1.549 to 1.716

0.917

Removing material

0.21  ±  0.134

0.04  ±  0.042

− 0.130 to 0.463

0.257

Warning

7.00  ±  0.651

10.63  ±  0.911

− 5.977 to − 1.273

0.004

Preening

0.96  ±  0.266

2.79  ±  0.548

− 2.972 to − 0.694

0.003

Chirping

0.29  ±  0.127

1.96  ±  0.569

− 2.934 to − 0.399

0.012