Fig. 1

Response curves for six bioclimatic variables (BIO 1: Annual Mean Temperature, BIO 2: Mean Diurnal Range, BIO 4: Temperature Seasonality, BIO 8: Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, BIO 12: Annual Precipitation, BIO 15: Precipitation Seasonality. The best parameter set produced smoother distributions of variable response curves, making them more regular and achieving the highest model performance