Fig. 1

Distribution map showing the positions of all the 501 sampling points used to gather juvenile ratio data of wintering waterbirds in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River from 2016 to 2019. Juvenile ratio data were sampled from 10 waterbird species (Swan Goose, Lesser White-fronted Goose, Siberian Crane, Hooded Crane, White-naped Crane, Greater White-fronted Goose, Greylag Goose, Bean Goose, Bewick’s Swan and Common Crane) from 2016 to 2019. Sampling points are identified as key points (i.e. points supporting more than 1% of the flyway populations of one or more of the 10 species, N = 258) and other, non-key points (N = 243)